Horizontal Individualism

Valued De + Qi

Unvalued Di + Qe

Emancipative disposition

Everyone as a sovereign unit, self-defined and level with all.

Society envisioned as maximizing private freedoms and equality of standing.

Independence of thought and action from collective authority.

Orientation toward the open future over the settled past.

General Meaning

Liberty

Biological Level

Lower tonic guarding

Cognitive Level

Unranked information flow, anti-paternalism

Psychological Level

Constraint as encroachment, autonomous identity

Social Level

Horizontal structures, person as irreducible self

Clusters

  1. 1Individual freedom and autonomy
  2. 2Egalitarianism and horizontal connections
  3. 3Protection of rights and transparency
  4. 4Anti-authoritarianism and skepticism toward hierarchies
  5. 5Humanitarian values and individuality